Training Curriculum
- Welcome to New Graduates
- Onboarding / HR / Benefits
- Expectations
- Introduction to Human Performance
- Introduction to Safety, CPR & Smith Driving
- NFPA70E
- Electrical Safety
Power Systems 101 Seminar is a stand-alone class that has been specifically developed for engineers, engineering technicians and field relay technicians. It aims to provide attendees with a strong basis of knowledge in relay protection philosophy and design theory.
Training Curriculum
Power Systems 101 is an intense four (4) day relay technician training course, eight (8) hours per day, which covers the following curriculum:
Substation Layouts & Protection Zone Diagrams
- Transmission system overview
- Types of generation
- What is a fault?
- Substation layouts
- Protection zone diagrams
Functional Diagram Exercise
- Hands-on functional diagram
- Line protection
- Bus protection
- Transformer protection
- Breaker failure
- Lockouts
Current Transformers
- CT basics
- Ratios
- CT classes T&C
- CT ratings
- Saturation current and curves
- Equivalent circuits
- CT Testing
- IEEE standards
Breaker Control
- Mechanical operation
- Trip circuits
- Close circuits
- An -pump circuits
- Reclosing
- Specifications and ratings
- Alarms
- IEEE standards
Relay Philosophies I Seminar
Differential
- Types of bus differentials
- KCL theory
- Differential CT circuits
- Calculating current in differential circuits
- Mismatched CTs
- Rolled CTs
- CT polarity
- High impedance differential application
- IEEE Standards
Transformer Protection
- Transformer theory
- Equivalent circuit
- Types of transformers
- Transformer losses
- Transformer ratings
- Tap changes
- IEEE Standards
Line Protec on
- Physical characteristics of transmission lines
- MHO circle
- Theory of impedance protection
- Zones of protection
- POTT, PUTT, DCB, & DCUB end-to-end schemes
- Reliability and security
- IEEE standards
Breaker Failure
- Breaker failure initiates
- Current requirements
- Breaker position
- Critical clearing time
- System stability
- Various breaker failure logic schemes
Training Curriculum
- Design Types, Breaker Orientation, Transformer Types, Nameplates, Clearances, AC/DC Elementary
- Protection Options, Relay Connections, CT/PT Ratios, Technical Math, Relay Connections, In Service Readings
- 351 Settings & Automated Testing
- Distribution Relay Testing
- SEL Program Usage
- Hands on Relay Testing
- RTS
- Protection on Suite
Transformer, Bus & Line Protection Focus
- Protection Type, 87B, Overcurrent, Feeder, Transformer
- CT Testing, CT Circuit Checks, PT Circuit Checks
- Protection Types, Distance 21, Line Differential, Breaker Failure, Transfer Trip, POTT, Logic
- Carrier Testing, Relay Communication
- SEL 421 Setting & Automated Testing
Commissioning Focus
- AC & DC Secondary Circuit Commissioning
- DC Control Testing, Print Red Lines, Highlighting
- Functional Testing, Panel & Wire Testing
- Trip Checking Lake Sumter
- Troubleshooting Lake Sumter
- Site Visit
Relay Philosophies II Seminar
Training Curriculum
Power Systems 102 is an intense four (4) day course, eight (8) hours per day, which covers the following curriculum:
Generator Theory
- Types of generators
- Steam turbines
- AC generators
- Synchronous generators
- Parts of generators
- Power plant efficiency
Generator Protection
- Stator, rotor, field, overcurrent, distance, differential protection
- Sub-harmonic injection
- Stator ground fault protection
- IEEE standards
Capacitor Banks
- What is a capacitor bank?
- Types of capacitor banks
- Capacitor bank configurations
- Capacitor bank design
- Modern protection considerations and applications
- Capacitor bank protection based on IEEE standards
Reactor Banks
- Ferranti effect
- Types of reactor banks
- Reactor bank control
- Reactor bank protection
- Reclosing
- IEEE standards
Underfrequency
- Basic function of underfrequency
- Power system dynamic
- Example of application
- ERC guidelines
- Historic examples
DC Systems
- DC theory
- Battery theory
- Battery sizing
- Battery chargers
- DC panels
- Dual battery systems
- Redundancy
- Testing and maintenance practices
Distribution Protection
- Layouts: main- e-main, main-main, high density
- Protective devices – 50, 51, 67, etc.
- Distribution networks
- Feeder level regulation vs bus level regulation
- Distributed genera on
- Reclosing practices
- Hot line tag
- Coordination with downstream devices
- Distance to fault
- Smart grid
Relay Philosophies II Seminar
Overview of Electric Utility Communication Systems
- Timeline to electric utility industry communications milestones
- Substation communication critical performance needs
Power Line Carrier
- Types of power line carriers (ON-OFF, FSK) and relay applications
- Power line carrier system components
- Phase-ground coupling vs phase-phase coupling
- PLC performance evaluation exercise
- IEEE standards
Scada Systems
- Overview
- Dual master and NERC rules
- Scan rate requirement considerations
- Scan rates
- Physical port connections
- Serial vs Ethernet
- DNP 3 protocol primer
- Data transfer IED and SCADA master
- Smart grid impacts
Communications Focus
- Carrier POTT, DCB, Transfer Trip
- SCADA Systems
- RTAC, Protec on Suite
- Human Performance Continued
Graduation Week
- Field Trip Panel Manufacturer
- Energy Control Center
- Program Review Q&A
- OSHA 30 Certificates
- Student Presentations
- Graduation Program
- Assignments
